[INDOLOGY] Sandhi examples in the english language

[Hock, Hans Henrich]

As in Sanskrit we have to distinguish between internal and external sandhi.

Examples like in-temperate, im-possible, in[ŋ]-congruous or the difference in pronunciation of s as [s] or [z] depending on what precedes have internal sandhi. Examples like gocha = got you or an apple vs. a pear have external sandhi. (Many English examples of external sandhi, such as gocha, are found in causual or informal speech; others, such as won’t = will not are restricted to enclitic forms. One type of sandhi with broad application which is found in formal as well as informal speech is the British English r-linking in structures like the idea-r is vs. the idea was.)

All the best,

Hans Henrich Hock


On 4 Aug2022, at 16:25, Rein Ende via INDOLOGY <INDOLOGY at list.indology.info<mailto:INDOLOGY at list.indology.info>> wrote:

Sandhi in Sanskrit is an example of sound shifts at word boundaries.
In English we have shifts such as the transformation into 'an orange' from 'a n' from the original 'narañja' (Spanish from original Persian).
Also 'an apron' from 'a napron' loaned from 'napperon' (napkin) (from French with an obviously related cognate).
There is the example of the presumed 'Lady Mondegrain' from a hearing of a line in a poem mentioning a death, which reads "...laid him on the green..."

Rein Ende
MA, McMaster University


On Thu, Aug 4, 2022 at 5:09 PM Matthew Kapstein via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:
As an example of Sandhi in spoken English, I often used, in my classes, the Bronx pronunciation of “did you eat yet"?:
Jyeet Chet?

Matthew
Matthew Kapstein
EPHE, Paris

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From: INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info<mailto:indology-bounces at list.indology.info>> on behalf of Allen, Michael S (msa2b) via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
Sent: Thursday, August 4, 2022 11:00:01 PM
Cc: Indology List <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Sandhi examples in the english language

Dear Harry,

Another example that comes immediately to mind is the indefinite article: "a" before words beginning with a consonant, "an" before words beginning with a vowel. Here the sandhi is not just a matter of pronunciation but of orthography.

Best wishes,
Michael

Michael S. Allen
Assistant Professor
Department of Religious Studies
University of Virginia

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From: INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info<mailto:indology-bounces at list.indology.info>> on behalf of Harry Spier via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
Sent: Thursday, August 4, 2022 4:53 PM
To: Howard Resnick <hr at ivs.edu<mailto:hr at ivs.edu>>
Cc: Indology List <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Sandhi examples in the english language

Thank you all for these great replies. Howard Resnick gives an example of a spelling change for internal sandhi.  Can someone give me an example of a spelling change for word junction (external) sandhi in a non-Indian language (if such a thing exists?).
Harry Spier


On Thu, Aug 4, 2022 at 4:01 PM Howard Resnick <hr at ivs.edu<mailto:hr at ivs.edu>> wrote:
English sandhi, n -> m before a labial consonant:

Examples: in-justice but im-possible; in-scrutable, but im-mature.

etc.

Good luck,
Howard

> On Aug 4, 2022, at 12:51 PM, Harry Spier via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:
>
> Dear list members,
> I need to give a brief introductory talk to english speakers, not linguistic or sanskrit students, but english speakers who chant sanskrit mantras and shlokas.
> I thought I'd briefly talk about and give examples of:
> 1) How sanskrit is very independent of word order.
> 2) How sanskrit uses case endings
> 3) How sandhi is widespread in sanskrit andi is also part of the spelling in sanskrit .
>
> I'd like to give examples of sandhi in english to to make the concept of sandhi more clear.  The examples I know of are:
> 1) final "s"
> "books" pronounced as "books" but "bags" pronounced as "bagz".
> 2) final "d"
> "glazed" pronounced as "glaizd" but "placed" pronounced as "plaist"
>
> It would be helpful if someone could give me other examples of sandhi in english. Not final "s" or final "d"
>
> Also is it true that most (all?) languages have sandhi ?
>
> Is sandhi expressed in the spelling (and not just the pronounciation) of any non-Indian languages?
>
> Thanks,
> Harry Spier
>
> Thanks,
> Harry Spier
>
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